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In Greek mythology, Styx (; (:stýkʰs)) is a deity and a river that formed the boundary between Earth and the Underworld (the domain often called Hades, which also is the name of its ruler). The rivers Styx, Phlegethon, Acheron, Lethe, and Cocytus all converge at the center of the underworld on a great marsh, which sometimes, also is called the Styx. According to Herodotus the river Styx originates near Feneos.〔Herodotus, Histories 6. 74. 1, http://www.theoi.com/Khthonios/PotamosStyx.html〕 Styx also is a goddess with prehistoric roots in Greek mythology as a daughter of Tethys, after whom the river is named and because of whom it had miraculous powers. ==Significance of the River Styx== The deities were bound by the Styx and swore oaths upon Styx. According to classical myths the reason related for this is that during the Titan war, Styx, the goddess of the river Styx, sided with Zeus. After the war, Zeus promised every oath be sworn upon her.〔Hesiod, Theogony 383 ff (trans. Evelyn-White)〕 Zeus swore to give Semele whatever she wanted and was then obliged to follow through when he realized to his horror that her request would lead to her death. Helios similarly promised his son Phaëton whatever he desired, also resulting in the boy's death. Myths related to such early deities did not survive long enough to be included in historic records, but tantalizing references exist among those that have been discovered. According to some versions, Styx had miraculous powers and could make someone invulnerable. According to one tradition, Achilles was dipped in the waters of the river by his mother during his childhood, acquiring invulnerability, with exception of his heel, by which his mother held him. This is the source of the expression ''Achilles' heel,'' a metaphor for a vulnerable spot. Styx was primarily a feature in the afterworld of classical Greek mythology, similar to the Christian area of Hell in texts such as ''The Divine Comedy'' and ''Paradise Lost''. The ferryman Charon often is described in contemporary literature as having transported the souls of the newly dead across this river into the underworld, although in the original Greek and Roman sources, as well as in Dante, it was the river Acheron that Charon plied. Dante put Phlegyas as ferryman over the Styx and made it the fifth circle of Hell, where the wrathful and sullen are punished by being drowned in the muddy waters for eternity, with the wrathful fighting each other. In ancient times some believed that placing a coin (Charon's obol) in the mouth〔No ancient source says that the coins were placed on the dead person's eyes; see Charon's obol#Coins on the eyes?.〕 of the deceased would pay the toll for the ferry to cross the Acheron River, which would lead one to the entrance of the underworld. If someone could not pay the fee it was said that they would never be able to cross the river. This ritual was performed by the relatives. The variant spelling Stix was sometimes used in translations of Classical Greek before the twentieth century.〔Iliad(1-3), Homer; H. Travers, 1740〕 By metonymy, the adjective ''stygian'' () came to refer to anything dark, dismal, and murky. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Styx」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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